Materi Biologi Kelas 12 BAB 1 Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Lengkap - Part 1
Jangan lupa membaca artikel tentang bisnis di > Informasi bisnis terbaik 2020.
Pernahkah Anda berpikir bagaimana biji tomat dapat menjadi tanaman yang rimbun dan banyak buahnya? Selain itu, bagaimana seorang anak yang baru lahir dapat menjadi besar? Semua itu merupakan hasil dari pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup tersebut.
Apa itu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan? Bagaimana pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dapat terjadi pada makhluk hidup? Bagaimana pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup? Faktor-faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada makhluk hidup? Semua pertanyaan tersebut dapat Anda ketahui jawabannya setelah mempelajari materi berikut ini
Adapun perkembangan merupakan proses perubahan bentuk menuju kedewasaan pada makhluk hidup. Perkembangan ditandai dengan mulai berfungsinya alat-alat perkembangbiakan. Perkembangan pada makhluk hidup, ditandai dengan adanya proses kedewasaan. Perkembangan bersifat sistematis, progresif, dan berkesinambungan. Artinya proses perkembangan terus terjadi sampai makhluk hidup tersebut mati. Selain itu, perkembangan tidak dapat dinyatakan dalam ukuran jumlah, panjang, maupun berat.
Berdasarkan posisi kotiledonnya, perkecambahan dikelompokkan menjadi perkecambahan
epigeal dan perkecambahan hipogeal.
1) Perkecambahan epigeal
Merupakan perkecambahan yang ditandai dengan terangkatnya kotiledon ke atas permukaan tanah. Perkecambahan epigeal ditemukan pada tanaman kacang hijau . dan kacang kedelai.
2) Perkecambahan hipogeal
Merupakan perkecambahan yang ditandai dengan tertinggalnya kotiledon di dalam
tanah. Perkecambahan hipogeal ditemukan pada tanaman kacang kapri.
Sel-sel kambium vaskuler terletak di antara xilem dan floem. Sel-sel kambium vaskuler melakukan pembelahan ke arah luar membentuk floem sekunder, dan ke arah dalam membentuk xilem sekunder. Pembelahan sel-sel kambium vaskuler menghasilkan pertambahan diameter batang. Lingkungan memengaruhi aktivitas kambium. Pada musim kemarau, kambium tidak aktif. Walaupun aktif, kambiUm hanya akan membentuk seI-sel xilem berdiameter sempit. Ketika air dalam jumlah banyak, kambium akan membentuk seI-sel xilem dengan diameter besar. Perbedaan ukuran diameter ini akan menyebabkan terbentuknya lingkaran-lingkaran pada penampang melintang batang. Lingkaran-lingkaran tersebut dinamakan lingkaran tahun. Lingkaran tahun dapat digunakan untuk menentukan umur suatu pohon dengan melihat jumlah lingkaran tahunnya.
Adapun kambium gabus merupakan jaringan pelindung yang menggantikan fungsi jaringan epidermis yang rusak/mati. Pada lapisanperidermis jaringan kambium gabus terdapat felogen yang bersifat meristematis. Aktivitas felogen mengakibatkan pembelahan ke arah dalam membentuk feloderma dan ke arah luar membentuk felem.
Demikianlah postingan Materi Biologi Kelas 12 BAB 1 Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Lengkap - Part 1, Semoga bermanfaat salam sukses untuk Sahabat semua. Untuk sahabat semuanya yang membutuhkan materi lanjutan dari BAB ini Sahabat bisa langsung menuju postingan Materi Biologi Kelas 12 BAB 1 Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Lengkap - Part 2 . Materi Biologi Kelas 12 di Blog ini Lengkap dari Semester 1 dan 2, dari BAB 1 sampai BAB 10, jadi jangan sampai ada materi biologi yang tertinggal untuk di baca yah Sahabat semua. Sumber https://administrasingajar.blogspot.com/
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Pernahkah Anda berpikir bagaimana biji tomat dapat menjadi tanaman yang rimbun dan banyak buahnya? Selain itu, bagaimana seorang anak yang baru lahir dapat menjadi besar? Semua itu merupakan hasil dari pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup tersebut.
Apa itu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan? Bagaimana pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dapat terjadi pada makhluk hidup? Bagaimana pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup? Faktor-faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada makhluk hidup? Semua pertanyaan tersebut dapat Anda ketahui jawabannya setelah mempelajari materi berikut ini
A. Definisi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Makhluk Hidup
Pertumbuhan dapat diartikan'sebagai proses bertambahnya ukuran (seperti volume, massa, dan tinggi) pada makhluk hidup. Pertumbuhan bersifat irreversible (tidak dapat balik). Contoh terjadinya pertumbuhan adalah bertambahnya tinggi batang dan jumlah daun. Pertumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Pertumbuhan pada tumbuhan tidak terbatas pada usia asalkan kebutuhannya terpenuhi, sedangkan pada hewan dan manusia pertumbuhan bersifat terbatas karena pada usia dewasa pertumbuhan hewan dan manusia akan berhenti.Adapun perkembangan merupakan proses perubahan bentuk menuju kedewasaan pada makhluk hidup. Perkembangan ditandai dengan mulai berfungsinya alat-alat perkembangbiakan. Perkembangan pada makhluk hidup, ditandai dengan adanya proses kedewasaan. Perkembangan bersifat sistematis, progresif, dan berkesinambungan. Artinya proses perkembangan terus terjadi sampai makhluk hidup tersebut mati. Selain itu, perkembangan tidak dapat dinyatakan dalam ukuran jumlah, panjang, maupun berat.
B. Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan pada Tumbuhan
1. Fase Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan pada Tumbuhan
Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada tumbuhan terjadi melalui beberapa fase, yaitu:a. Perkecambahan
Perkecambahan adalah proses perubahan flsiologi biji dari bentuk dorman ke bentuk semai setelah melalui perkembangan sedemikian rupa, ditandai dengan pembentukan radikula, kaulikulus dan plumula. Syarat terjadinya perkecambahan adalah berakhirnya ' masa dormansi biji. Dormansi biji merupakan suatu kondisi biji yang masih hidup tetapi tidak aktif, berada dalam kondisi kering (kelembapannya kurang) dan tidak dapat (gagal) berkecambah selama periode waktu tertentu karena faktor internal biji.Berdasarkan posisi kotiledonnya, perkecambahan dikelompokkan menjadi perkecambahan
epigeal dan perkecambahan hipogeal.
1) Perkecambahan epigeal
Merupakan perkecambahan yang ditandai dengan terangkatnya kotiledon ke atas permukaan tanah. Perkecambahan epigeal ditemukan pada tanaman kacang hijau . dan kacang kedelai.
2) Perkecambahan hipogeal
Merupakan perkecambahan yang ditandai dengan tertinggalnya kotiledon di dalam
tanah. Perkecambahan hipogeal ditemukan pada tanaman kacang kapri.
b. Pertumbuhan Primer
Pertumbuhan primer dapat menyebabkan tumbuhan bertambah tinggi atau panjang dan hal itu terjadi pada semua tumbuhan. Jaringan khusus yang mengalami pertumbuhan dengan cara pembelahan dan pembesaran sei, disebut meristem. Pertumbuhan primer terjadi karena adanya aktivitas meristem apikal. Meristem apikal terdapat pada ujung batang dan ujung akar. Terdapat tiga daerah dalarn meristem apikal, yaitu daerah pembelahan, pemanjangan (elongasi), dan diferensiasi.c. Pertumbuhan Sekunder
Pertumbuhan sekunder disebabkan oleh aktivitas meristem lateral. Meristem lateral ini berupa kambium vaskuler (biasa disebut kambium saja) dan kambium gabus. Proses pertumbuhan sekunder dimulai dari aktivitas kambium vaskuler.Sel-sel kambium vaskuler terletak di antara xilem dan floem. Sel-sel kambium vaskuler melakukan pembelahan ke arah luar membentuk floem sekunder, dan ke arah dalam membentuk xilem sekunder. Pembelahan sel-sel kambium vaskuler menghasilkan pertambahan diameter batang. Lingkungan memengaruhi aktivitas kambium. Pada musim kemarau, kambium tidak aktif. Walaupun aktif, kambiUm hanya akan membentuk seI-sel xilem berdiameter sempit. Ketika air dalam jumlah banyak, kambium akan membentuk seI-sel xilem dengan diameter besar. Perbedaan ukuran diameter ini akan menyebabkan terbentuknya lingkaran-lingkaran pada penampang melintang batang. Lingkaran-lingkaran tersebut dinamakan lingkaran tahun. Lingkaran tahun dapat digunakan untuk menentukan umur suatu pohon dengan melihat jumlah lingkaran tahunnya.
Adapun kambium gabus merupakan jaringan pelindung yang menggantikan fungsi jaringan epidermis yang rusak/mati. Pada lapisanperidermis jaringan kambium gabus terdapat felogen yang bersifat meristematis. Aktivitas felogen mengakibatkan pembelahan ke arah dalam membentuk feloderma dan ke arah luar membentuk felem.
Demikianlah postingan Materi Biologi Kelas 12 BAB 1 Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Lengkap - Part 1, Semoga bermanfaat salam sukses untuk Sahabat semua. Untuk sahabat semuanya yang membutuhkan materi lanjutan dari BAB ini Sahabat bisa langsung menuju postingan Materi Biologi Kelas 12 BAB 1 Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Lengkap - Part 2 . Materi Biologi Kelas 12 di Blog ini Lengkap dari Semester 1 dan 2, dari BAB 1 sampai BAB 10, jadi jangan sampai ada materi biologi yang tertinggal untuk di baca yah Sahabat semua. Sumber https://administrasingajar.blogspot.com/
Selain sebagai media informasi pendidikan, kami juga berbagi artikel terkait bisnis.
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